Renewable Energy Policy in the European Union: is there a firm foundation for the EU’s 2030 renewable energy targets? (2015):

"The first group consists of the member states with weak policy effectiveness (i.e. the lowest scores: less than 0.15) – these include Portugal, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, and Romania. In order to meet their target share of RES by 2020, these member states will have to make substantial improvements to their policy frameworks. Portugal and Luxembourg especially lag behind in this regard."